R Tutorials

R Tutorial

We present you the R Tutorial, to learn R language, where we cover the basics of R programming, loading data into R object from different data sources, creating charts and graphs, extracting statistical information, and more.

What is R programming language ?

R is an open source programming language. In recent times, it has become one of the most common choice for statistical analysis.

Features of R

• Open Source and Free to use.
• Works well for statistics.
• Command-Line Programming Language – But IDEs like R Studio and plugins to the popular IDEs like Eclipse, etc., are available.
• Easy sharing of Results or Analysis.
• Integration with other packages and programming languages.
• R programming is easy and informative.

R Tutorial Index

In our R Tutorial, we shall take you through the following topics.

Get Started with R

The following tutorials help you get started with R programming in your PC or Mac.

• R Installation on Windows
• R Script File Basic Syntax

R Variables and Datatypes

Variables deal with how data is stored during program execution and the Datatypes deal with the characteristics of these variables.

• R Data Types
• R Variables
• R NA – Missing Value
• R typeof() – Get type of Object
• R – Create Integer

R Operators

R Arithmetic Operators, R Relational Operators, R Logical Operators, R Assignment Operators, R Miscellaneous Operators with example R scripts.

• R Operators

R Decision Making

Decision Making statements are those which execute a block of code based on the result of a condition. Decision making statements are also called Condition Statements.

In the following R Tutorials, we first go through the available decision making statements in R language: if, if-else, if-else-if and switch; and then go through each of these statements, discuss their syntax and go through examples to understand their usage.

• R Decision Making Statements
• R if
• R if-else
• R else-if
• R switch

If Statement with Logical Operators in Condition

• R If Statement with AND Operator
• R If Statement with OR Operator

R Looping

Looping statements are used to execute a block of code repeatedly in a loop, based on a condition, or for every element in a collection.

The following R Tutorials start with different looping statements in R language; and continue with each looping statement in detail with examples.

• R Loops
• R repeat loop
• R while loop
• R for loop
• R break statement

R Functions

A function is a set of statements, that can take some arguments, transform them or perform a specific task. R has a large number of in-built functions that cover statistics, basic mathematics, graphs/charts, etc. We can also create our own functions.

• R Functions

R Strings

String is a sequence of characters.

In the following R Tutorials, we first have a good look into Strings in R programming, and then go through different String Operations with examples.

• R Strings
• R – Concatenate Strings
• R – String Length
• R – Substring

R Data Frames

R Data Frames are tightly coupled collections of variables. Data Frames share many of the properties of matrices and of lists. In most of the R language’s modeling software, Data Frames are used as the fundamental data structure.

The following list of R Tutorials help us get started with Data Frames in R, and most used operations or transformation done on Data Frames.

• R Data Frame
• R – Access Element at (i,j) in Data Frame
• R – Create Empty Data Frame
• R – Create Data Frame
• R – Add Column to Data Frame
• R – Reset Row Numbers of Data Frame
• R – Replace NA with 0 in Data Frame
• R – Rename Column(s) of Data Frame
• R – Delete Duplicate Rows in Data Frame
• R – Remove Row(s) in Data Frame
• R – Remove NA Rows in DataFrame
• R – Delete Column(s) in Data Frame
• R – Sort Data Frame by Column
• R – Apply Function For Each Row in Data Frame
• R – Filter Data Frame with NA rows
• R – Convert List to Data Frame
• R – Convert Data Frame to Matrix
• R – Convert Matrix to Data Frame
• R – Combine Data Frames
• R – Compare Data Frames
• R – Import Excel to Data Frame
• R – Structure of Data Frame
• R – Summary of Data Frame

R Type Conversion

R allows us to convert a value from one datatype to other.

The following R Tutorials go through different scenarios of converting value of a datatype into value of another datatype.

• R – Convert String to Integer

R Vectors

R Vector is a sequence of elements of same datatype.

The following tutorials give us an introduction to Vectors in R, take us through different type of vectors, basic CRUD operations on a vector, vector conversion, etc.

• R Vectors
• R – Create Vector
• R – Get Vector Length
• R – Access Items in Vector
• R – Iterate over Items of Vector
• R – Sort Vectors
• R – Reverse Vector
• R – Check if Specific Item is present in Vector
• R – Logical Vectors
• R – Integer Vectors
• R – Double Vectors
• R – Character Vectors
• R – Get Type of Vector
• R – Check if type of Vector is Logical
• R – Check if type of Vector is Integer
• R – Check if type of Vector is Double
• R – Check if type of Vector is Character
• R – Convert Logical Vector into Integer Vector
• R – Convert Character Vector into Integer Vector

R Lists

R List is a sequence of elements. The elements could be of different datatypes.

The following tutorials discuss about basic CRUD operations on a List, accessing properties of a List, different transformations on a List, etc.

• R – Lists
• R – Create Empty List
• R – Create List
• R – Get List Length
• R – Append Item to List
• R – Loop through Items in List
• R – Check if Specific Item is present in List
• R – Reverse List
• R – Join Lists

R Matrix

The following tutorials cover the basic CRUD operations of a Matrix, mathematic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, matrix operations like finding Inverse, Transpose, etc.

• R Matrix
• R – Create Matrix
• R – Check if R Object is a Matrix
• R – Get Element at Given Row, Column of Matrix
• R – Get Specific Row of Matrix
• R – Get Specific Column of Matrix
• R – Get Multiple Rows of Matrix
• R – Get Multiple Columns of Matrix
• R – Matrix Multiplication
• R – Transpose Matrix
• R – Inverse Matrix
• R – Correlation Matrix

R Date & Time

• R Data and Time
• R – Current Date
• R – Current Time

Data Interfacing from different sources of data to R language

The following tutorials deal with reading different file types and loading data from those files into R data objects, and how to write data from R objects to files.

• R CSV Files
• R Read Excel / XLS / XLSX Files
• R – Import Excel Data into Dataframe

Charts, Plots & Graphs – R Tutorial

The following R Tutorials take us through different plots that we can draw in R language, and how to tweak them with the help of examples.

• R Pie Charts
• R Bar Plots
• R Line Graphs

R plot()

• R – Draw Plot from two Vectors X, Y
• R – Draw Line Plot
• R – Change Color of Plot
• R – Set Plot Line Width or Thickness
• R – Set Plot Title
• R – Set X, Y axes Labels

R barplot()

• R Bar Plot – From Matrix
• R Bar Plot – Set Main Title
• R Bar Plot – Set X, Y axes Labels
• R Bar Plot – Set Width for Bars
• R Bar Plot – Set Space between Bars
• R Bar Plot – Set Color for Bars
• R Bar Plot – Set Names for Bars
• R Bar Plot – Draw without Axes
• R Bar Plot – Set Border Color for Bars
• R Bar Plot – With Horizontal Bars

Statistical Analysis

The following list presents different R Tutorials to perform statistical analysis on R objects like Vector, List, Data Frame, Matrix, etc.

• R Mean of a Vector
• R Median of a Vector

R Mathematical Functions

R has builtin functions that implement Mathematical functions like finding absolute value, finding maximum value of a collection, finding minimum value of a collection, finding square root of a number, etc. The following tutorials help us through these Mathematical functions with examples.

• R abs() – Absolute Value
• R max() – Maximum Value
• R min() – Minimum Value
• R sqrt() – Square Root

References

You may refer following reference for official R documentation.

• https://www.rdocumentation.org/

Conclusion

With this R Tutorial, we have learnt the basics of R, how to interface data to R from different sources, create charts and graphs, and extract statistical information.