TutorialKart.comIn this SAP SD tutorial you will learn what pricing in SAP SD means, how the SAP pricing procedure works, and how condition technique is used to calculate price, discounts, freight, taxes, and the final net value in a sales document.
The pricing of goods and services is determined based on business conditions such as material price, customer discount, freight, surcharges, sales tax, and other calculation rules. In the Sales and Distribution module, the SAP system uses pricing functions to automatically determine these values during quotation, sales order, delivery, and billing processing.
What is Pricing in SAP SD?
Pricing in SAP SD is the process of calculating the value of goods or services in a sales document. SAP determines the price by reading valid condition records through condition technique and then applying those condition values in the sequence defined by the pricing procedure.
For example, when a sales order is created, SAP can determine a base price for the material, subtract a customer-specific discount, add freight, calculate tax, and finally display the net value and total document value. The user does not manually calculate every pricing element; the system derives them from configuration and master data.
SAP SD Pricing Procedure Overview
During sales document processing, the SAP system automatically calculates the net value of the document by considering the condition values of different pricing elements. These values are calculated using the condition technique. A condition technique is the method used by SAP to find valid condition records and bring them into the sales document.
The pricing procedure in SAP SD is built in the following order:
- Condition records are created for prices, discounts, freight, taxes, and other pricing elements.
- Condition records are stored using condition tables.
- Condition tables are arranged in access sequences.
- Access sequences are assigned to condition types.
- Condition types are placed in a pricing procedure in the required calculation sequence.
- The pricing procedure is determined automatically for a sales document based on configuration.
SAP SD Pricing Procedure Components
You can configure pricing in the SAP system as per the requirements of clients. Pricing procedure configuration normally includes the following components.
- Condition Records
- Condition Tables
- Access Sequence
- Condition Types
- Pricing Procedure
- Pricing Procedure Determination
| Pricing component | Purpose in SAP SD pricing | Common transaction code |
|---|---|---|
| Condition record | Stores the actual value, such as price, discount, freight, or tax rate. | VK11, VK12, VK13 |
| Condition table | Defines the field combination used to store and search condition records. | V/03 |
| Access sequence | Defines the search strategy for finding condition records. | V/07 |
| Condition type | Represents one pricing element such as base price, discount, freight, or tax. | V/06 |
| Pricing procedure | Defines the step-by-step calculation logic used in a sales document. | V/08 |
| Pricing procedure determination | Controls which pricing procedure is selected for a sales document. | OVKK |
Condition Records in SAP SD Pricing
Condition Records: It is also called condition master data. A condition record stores the actual pricing value that SAP should use, such as a material price, customer discount, freight amount, or tax percentage. You can maintain condition master records by using transaction code VK11.
Example: If material M-100 has a price of 100 USD for sales organization 1000 and distribution channel 10, that value is stored as a condition record for the relevant condition type.
Condition Tables in SAP SD Pricing
Condition Tables: It is the combination of fields that are used to maintain condition records. For example, a condition table may include sales organization, distribution channel, customer, and material as key fields. You can maintain condition tables in SAP using transaction code V/03.
The condition table decides how specific the price record is. A price maintained for a customer and material is more specific than a price maintained only for a material.
Access Sequence in SAP SD Pricing
Access Sequence: It is a search strategy used to search for valid condition records from most specific to most general. You can maintain access sequence in SAP using transaction code V/07.
For example, SAP may first search for a customer-material price. If that record is not found, it may search for a material price. This sequence of searching is controlled by the access sequence assigned to the condition type.
Condition Type in SAP SD Pricing
Condition Type: It controls the pricing components and pricing elements. You can define condition types in SAP using transaction code V/06.
Common examples of condition types include base price, discount, surcharge, freight, and tax. In many SAP SD training examples, PR00 is used for base price, K004 or K007 for discounts, KF00 for freight, and MWST for output tax. The exact condition types used in a project can vary based on configuration.
Pricing Procedure in SAP SD
Pricing Procedure: A pricing procedure is a structured list of condition types arranged in the order in which SAP should calculate the document value. It controls the calculation steps, subtotal logic, manual entries, mandatory conditions, statistical conditions, and account key assignments for pricing elements.
A simple pricing procedure may calculate the value in this order: base price, discount, freight, tax, and final net value. A real project pricing procedure can include more steps depending on business requirements.
How SAP Determines Pricing Procedure in a Sales Document
SAP does not select the pricing procedure randomly. The pricing procedure is determined using a combination of organizational and master data controls. In standard SAP SD pricing determination, the system commonly considers:
- Sales area, such as sales organization, distribution channel, and division.
- Customer pricing procedure from the customer master.
- Document pricing procedure from the sales document type.
- Assigned pricing procedure in pricing procedure determination configuration.
This determination allows different pricing logic for different business scenarios. For example, domestic sales, export sales, service orders, and intercompany sales can use different pricing procedures if the business process requires it.
Example Flow of Pricing in SAP SD Sales Order
The following example explains how SAP SD pricing works when a user enters a material and customer in a sales order.
- User creates a sales order and enters sales area, customer, material, and quantity.
- SAP determines the pricing procedure based on pricing procedure determination.
- The system reads the first condition type in the pricing procedure, such as base price.
- The access sequence searches condition tables for a valid condition record.
- If a valid record is found, the condition value is copied into the sales order.
- SAP repeats the process for discounts, surcharges, freight, tax, and other condition types.
- The system calculates the net value and total value based on the pricing procedure steps.
SAP system automatically determines the gross prices of goods or services by calculating charges, discounts, and taxes based on the pricing procedure and assigned condition types.
Key Control Fields in SAP SD Pricing Procedure
When you define a pricing procedure, each condition type is placed in a step and controlled using several fields. These fields decide whether the condition is mandatory, manual, statistical, calculated by formula, or relevant for account determination.
| Control field | Meaning in pricing procedure |
|---|---|
| Step | Defines the order in which pricing elements are processed. |
| Counter | Allows more than one condition type within the same step. |
| Condition type | Specifies the pricing element used at that step. |
| From and To | Defines the range of steps used for subtotal or calculation base. |
| Manual | Controls whether the condition can be entered manually. |
| Mandatory | Requires the condition to be present for correct pricing. |
| Statistical | Displays the value for information without affecting net value. |
| Subtotal | Stores intermediate values for later use in the pricing procedure. |
| Account key | Links pricing elements to revenue, discount, freight, or tax accounts. |
SPRO Path for SAP SD Pricing Configuration
The common IMG path for SAP SD pricing configuration is:
SPRO > SAP Reference IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Pricing > Pricing ControlFrom this area, you can maintain condition tables, access sequences, condition types, pricing procedures, and pricing procedure determination. Exact menu labels may vary slightly by SAP release and system configuration, but the pricing control area remains the main configuration point for SAP SD pricing.
Pricing in SAP SD: Important Points to Remember
- Pricing is based on condition technique.
- Condition records store actual prices, discounts, freight, and taxes.
- Condition tables define the key fields used to store and find condition records.
- Access sequences define the order in which SAP searches condition tables.
- Condition types represent individual pricing elements.
- The pricing procedure controls the calculation sequence of condition types.
- Pricing procedure determination decides which pricing procedure is used in the sales document.
- The final price depends on both configuration and valid master data.
Common Issues in SAP SD Pricing Procedure
If pricing is not determined correctly in a sales order, the issue is usually related to missing master data, incorrect access sequence, wrong pricing procedure determination, or an inactive condition record. The following checks are useful during troubleshooting.
- Check whether the condition record exists and is valid for the document date.
- Check whether the condition type is included in the pricing procedure.
- Check whether the access sequence is assigned to the condition type.
- Check whether the condition table contains the required field combination.
- Check whether sales area, customer pricing procedure, and document pricing procedure are maintained correctly.
- Check whether the condition is marked as mandatory and causing an error when missing.
FAQs on Pricing in SAP SD
What is the pricing procedure in SAP SD?
A pricing procedure in SAP SD is a sequence of condition types that controls how SAP calculates price, discounts, freight, taxes, subtotals, and final net value in a sales document.
What is the meaning of pricing in SAP SD?
Pricing in SAP SD means determining the value of goods or services during sales document processing. SAP uses condition records, access sequences, condition types, and pricing procedures to calculate the document value automatically.
What is the difference between condition type and pricing procedure?
A condition type represents one pricing element, such as base price, discount, freight, or tax. A pricing procedure is the complete calculation structure that contains multiple condition types in a defined order.
Which transaction code is used to maintain condition records in SAP SD?
Transaction code VK11 is used to create condition records. VK12 is used to change condition records, and VK13 is used to display condition records.
Why is SAP SD pricing not appearing in a sales order?
SAP SD pricing may not appear if the condition record is missing, the access sequence cannot find a valid record, the condition type is not included in the pricing procedure, or pricing procedure determination is not maintained correctly.
Editorial QA Checklist for SAP SD Pricing Procedure Tutorial
- Confirm that pricing is explained as SAP SD condition technique, not only as a manual price entry concept.
- Check that condition records, condition tables, access sequences, condition types, pricing procedure, and pricing procedure determination are clearly separated.
- Verify transaction codes such as VK11, V/03, V/07, V/06, V/08, and OVKK before publishing updates.
- Ensure examples use pricing elements relevant to SAP SD, such as base price, discount, freight, and tax.
- Review that troubleshooting guidance connects missing pricing to condition records, access sequence, and pricing procedure determination.